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parotid gland
The parotid gland (often simply "parotid") is a major salivary gland in many animals. In humans, the two parotid glands occur under the mouth and in front of both ears. They are the largest of the salivary glands. Each parotid is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes saliva through the Stensen duct (or parotid duct) into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin the digestion of starches.
The word ''parotid'' (paraotic) literally means "beside the ear".
==Structure==
The parotid glands are a pair of mainly serous salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the external acoustic meatus, draining their secretions into the vestibule of oral cavity through the Stensen duct or parotid duct.〔Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 193〕 Each gland lies posterior to the mandibular ramus and anterior to the mastoid process of temporal bone. The gland is effectively palpated bilaterally. Start anterior to each ear, move to the cheek area, and then inferior to the angle of the mandible.〔Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, p. 154〕 The gland is roughly wedge-shaped when seen superficially and on horizontal sections.
The parotid duct, a long excretory duct, emerges from the anterior border of the gland, superficial to the masseter muscle. The duct pierces the buccinator muscle, then opens into the oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek, usually opposite the maxillary second molar. The parotid papilla is a small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the parotid duct on the inner surface of the cheek.〔lllustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, p. 154.〕
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